天文学Astronomy

Planetary-mass exosatellite detected around the substellar companion of a star

科学家探测到系外卫星

▲ 作者：Kevin Hoy, Alice Zurlo, Pablo A, Silvano Desidera, Raffaele Gratton, Cecilia Lazzoni, Simon Petrus, Florian Rodler, Jonathan Smoker, Valentina D Orazi, Ilaria Carleo Ilaria Giovannini

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10751-w

▲择要：

褐矮星的质量介在行星与恒星之间。于同时包罗一颗恒星及一颗亚恒星伴星（不管是褐矮星还有是系生手星）的体系中，绕伴星运行的第三个天体可称为系外卫星。系生手星的卫星可以很天然地称为系外卫星，但褐矮星伴星的卫星是否也能云云称号尚不明确，由于该术语缺少正式界说。

只管已经发明跨越6000颗系生手星，但迄今还没有有系外卫星被确实探测到。虽然存于一些候选体，但它们缺少确认，且仍存于争议。研究者陈诉了缭绕直接成像的褐矮星伴星CD-35 2722 B运行的一颗系外卫星的证据。他们将用在发明太阳型恒星周围首颗系生手星的径向速率阐发技能运用在这颗褐矮星的VLT/CRIRES+光谱数据，发明了至少一个绕转卫星的周期性旌旗灯号。

研究者暗示，这是该技能初次于褐矮星伴星周围孕育发生卫星存于的证据。咱们的最好拟合模子包罗一颗最小质量约为0.9倍木星质量、轨道周期约为170天的卫星。只管这颗系外卫星是否满意今朝还没有界说的 系外卫星 尺度尚不确定，但这是朝着初次无争议探测迈出的主要一步，由于技能的前进将使患上一样的要领可以或许运用在质量更小的方针。

▲ Abstract：

Brown dwarfs occupy the mass regime between planets and stars. In systems containing both a star and a substellar companion (be it a brown dwarf or an exoplanet), a third object orbiting the companion can be called an exosatellite. Exoplanet satellites can be easily described as exomoons, but it is not clear if satellites of brown dwarf companions can be called the same, as the term lacks a formal definition. Despite more than 6,000 exoplanets being discovered1, no exomoon has ever been confidently detected. Although there are candidates, they lack confirmation and remain controversial. In this work, we present evidence of an exosatellite orbiting the directly imaged brown dwarf companion CD-35 2722 B. Applying radial velocity analysis, the same technique used to discover the first exoplanet around a Solar-type star6, to VLT/CRIRES+ spectra of this brown dwarf, we find what appears to be the periodic signal of at least one orbiting satellite. This is the first time, to our knowledge, this technique has produced evidence of satellites around a companion brown dwarf. Our best-fitting model includes a satellite with a minimum mass of about 0.9 Jupiter masses and a period of around 170 days. Although it is uncertain whether this exosatellite will fulfil the presently undefined criteria for qualifying as an exomoon, it is a marked step towards that first uncontroversial detection, as advancing technology will allow the same method to be applied to less massive targets.

物理学Physics

Quantum statistical plasmonic metacrystals

量子统计等离激元超晶体

▲ 作者：：Chenglong You, Riley B. Dawkins, Jannatul Ferdous, Moha妹妹ed Mehedi Hasan, Aadi Singh, Ziang Zhuang, Addison Wilberg, Ian Baum, Benjamin Bertoni, Mingyuan Hong Omar S.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10782-3

▲择要：

调控量子多体动力学的工程质料仍面对挑战，由于多粒子彼此作用凡是会孕育发生繁杂的涌现举动，难以猜测。研究者引入量子统计等离激元超晶体 一种布局，此中由光学近场介导的多粒子动力学孕育发生禁戒量子统计能带，从而可以或许选择性地透射差别类型的光。

这一功效源在由纳米天线作为超原子构成的等离激元布局。统计特征位在答应能带内的多光子场可无畸变地流传，而处在禁戒能带中的场则被按捺或者驱向近来的可达统计态。研究者发明这些能带由超原子的几何排布及团体摆列决议，从而为量子统计输运的工程化提供了一条确定性路径。

该平台成立了一种室温量子质料，其素质上对于多体光子体系的量子相关性敏感，可实现其鲁棒的操控与输运。研究成果对于用在能量网络及可扩大多体量子技能的相关敏感光子质料具备启迪意义。

▲ Abstract：

Engineering materials that control quantum many-body dynamics remains challenging, as multiparticle interactions typically produce complex emergent behaviour that is difficult to predict1,2. Here we introduce quantum statistical plasmonic metacrystals, structures in which the multiparticle dynamics mediated by optical near fields produce forbidden quantum statistical bands that enable selective transmission of different types of light. This functionality arises from a plasmonic structure composed of nanoantennas acting as meta-atoms3. Multiphoton fields with statistics within the allowed bands propagate without distortion, whereas fields in forbidden bands are suppressed or driven towards the nearest accessible statistical state. We show that these bands are determined by the geometry and collective arrangement of the meta-atoms, providing a deterministic route to engineering quantum statistical transport. This platform establishes a room-temperature quantum material intrinsically sensitive to the quantum coherence of many-body photonic systems, enabling their robust manipulation and transport4. Our results have implications for coherence-sensitive photonic materials for energy harvesting and scalable many-body quantum technologies.

化学Chemistry

Catalyst-free, microdroplet-mediated waste plastic conversion to diacids

无催化剂、微滴介导的废塑料转化为二酸

▲ 作者：Ruiliang Gao (高瑞良), Liwei Zhang (张立炜), Richard J. Lewis, Hao Wang (王浩), Zhiyan Pan (潘志彦), Yage Zhang(张亚各), Zekai Yu (俞泽楷), Zhiqiang Liu (刘志强), Xiaolin Guo (郭晓琳), Xiangbowen Du (杜向博文), Wencong Liu (刘文聪), Minghang Li (李明航), Shipan Liang (梁世潘), Bing Lu (陆冰), Ichiro Daigo (醍醐市朗), Shanjun Mao (毛善俊), Graham J. Hutchings Yong Wang (王勇)

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10746-7

▲择要：

塑料废料的堆集对于情况及大众康健组成全世界性威逼。只管经由过程催化进级转化为高值化学品远景广漠，但其工业运用受限在添加剂引起的催化剂掉活、原料异质性、工艺缺少矫捷性以和有限的经济可行性。

研究者报导了一种无催化剂的进级使用计谋，使用微滴界面原位天生的羟基自由基，于暖和前提下实现从聚烯烃到橡胶等多种废塑料的氧化裂解，天生羧酸。经由过程消弭依靠催化剂的路径，该要领规避了催化剂设计与中毒的要害挑战，同时年夜幅降低了技能门坎及成本。

该要领于相对于暖和前提下实现了聚乙烯（PE）的彻底转化，短链二酸选择性靠近69%，并揭示出对于混淆贸易塑料的广泛合用性，且可放年夜至300克范围。自由基中间体阐发展现了H2O于调控怪异氧化降解机制中的要害作用：即羟基自由基依次加成至烷基自由基，这区分在经典的烷烃液相好氧氧化。

这类界面自由基介导的计谋实现了可连续的聚合物进级使用，且所需基础举措措施少少。更广泛地，这项事情为微滴化学的初次工业化实行（据咱们所知）提供了一个可扩大的蓝图，对于有机酸合成和其他范畴的氧化历程具备厘革性意义。

▲ Abstract：

Plastic waste accumulation poses a global threat to both the environment and public health1,2,3. Although catalytic upcycling to value-added chemicals holds promise, its industrial adoption is hindered by additive-induced catalyst deactivation, feedstock heterogeneity, process inflexibility and limited economic viability4. Here we report a catalyst-free upcycling strategy that makes use of in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals at microdroplet interfaces5,6,7,8 to enable oxidative cleavage of diverse waste plastics from polyolefins to rubbers into carboxylic acids under mild conditions. By eliminating catalyst-dependent pathways, this approach circumvents key challenges of catalyst design and poisoning, while substantially lowering technical barriers and costs9,10. Our method achieves complete conversion of polyethylene (PE) with selectivity to short-chain diacids approaching 69% under relatively mild conditions and demonstrated broad applicability to mixed co妹妹ercial plastics, with scalability demonstrated up to the 300-g scale. Radical intermediate analysis reveals the crucial role of H2O in mediating a unique oxidative degradation mechanism: sequential hydroxyl radical addition to alkyl radicals, distinct from classical liquid-phase aerobic oxidation of alkane11. This interfacial radical-mediated strategy enables sustainable polymer upcycling with minimal infrastructure. More broadly, this work provides a scalable blueprint for the first, to our knowledge, industrial implementation of microdroplet chemistry, with transformative implications for oxidation processes in organic acid synthesis and beyond.

Scalable quasi-pure MOF membranes for energy-efficient gas separations

可扩大的准纯MOF膜用在节能气体分散

▲ 作者：Shizheng Song, Dong Fan, Xilin Jia, Zhe Zhou, Alejandro Diaz-Marquez, Zhihao Liu, Lingzhi Huang, Shuo Liu, He Wen, Yanjie Wang, Dahua Yao, Guillaume Maurin, Yu Han, Haihui Wang, Mohamed Eddaoudi Sheng Zhou

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10655-9

▲择要：

金属有机框架（MOF）膜于解决高能耗气体分散的能源价钱方面具备巨年夜潜力。制订便捷的可扩大方案对于在MOF基膜乐成转化为现实运用并实现部署至关主要。研究者报导了一种新型膜布局 准纯MOF膜（MOF体积分数 90%），可采用工业靠得住的溶液加工技能实现范围化制造，其分散机能靠近响应的纯MOF膜，充实开释了MOF的内涵潜力。

这一进展患上益在一种交融相要领，将MOF及聚合物交融为单一伪持续相，并使MOF具有类聚合物的外貌性子，从而纵然于极高固含量下也能形成流变可控的絮凝收集。他们将代表性基准MOF（ZIF-6七、CALF-20及CuBDC）制造成准纯膜，并评估了其于丙烯/丙烷、乙烯/乙烷、碳捕集及氢气纯化等要害分散中的运用。

展示工业相干性的是，于工业工场中实现了（110）取向ZIF-67准纯膜的持续卷对于卷制造。对于在丙烯/丙烷分散，这些膜的丙烯渗入率约为160 barrer，混淆气选择性约为100，足以出产聚合级丙烯，基在技能经济阐发，与精馏比拟可降低80%的纯化成本。研究解决告终晶态膜于苛刻份子分散中持久存于的机能与可扩大性之间的差距。

▲ Abstract：

Metal organic framework (MOF) membranes offer great potential to address the energy penalties of energy-intensive gas separations. Deriving convenient scalable protocols is essential for the successful translation and deployment of MOF-based membranes into practical applications6,7,8. Here we report a new membrane architecture, the quasi-pure MOF membrane ( 90 vol% MOF), manufacturable at scale using industry-reliable solution-processing techniques and offering separation performance approaching that of associated pure MOF membranes, fully realizing the MOF intrinsic potential. This advance is enabled by a merged-phase approach fusing MOFs and polymers into a single pseudo-continuous phase and proffering MOFs with polymer-like surface properties, allowing rheologically controlled flocculated networks even at extreme solid concentrations. Representative benchmark MOFs (ZIF-67, CALF-20 and CuBDC) were fabricated into quasi-pure membranes and evaluated for essential separations, including propylene/propane, ethylene/ethane, carbon capture and hydrogen purification. Demonstrating industrial relevance, continuous roll-to-roll fabrication of quasi-pure (110)-oriented ZIF-67 membranes was achieved at an industrial plant. For propylene/propane separation, these membranes achieve a propylene permeability of about 160 barrer and mixed-gas selectivity of about 100 sufficient to produce polymer-grade propylene, offering an 80% purification cost reduction compared with distillation based on techno-economic analysis. This study addresses the long-standing gap between performance and scalability of crystalline membranes for demanding molecular separations.

生命科学Life Science

A critical initialization for biological neural networks

生物神经收集的一种临界初始化

▲ 作者：Marius Pachitariu, Lin Zhong, Alexa Gracias, Amanda Minisi, Crystall Lopez Carsen Stringer

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10528-1

▲择要：

内涵孕育发生的全脑神经勾当显示出年夜群神经元之间的宏不雅协调性，这类协调性连续的时间逾越了单个神经元的生物物理时间标准。今朝尚不清晰这些宏不雅举动怎样从神经元对于之间微不雅、短程的彼此作用中涌现出来。

研究显示小鼠年夜范围神经记载的特性值谱及动力学特征，与由临界归一化的随机对于称矩阵所支配的线性动力学孕育发生的特性相似。一个破例是海马CA1区的群体勾当，它近似在一种高效的、不相干的神经编码，可能为信息存储容量而优化。

高维全局勾当模式于临界归一化的人工收集中涌现，并于稀少、簇状或者空间毗连性下连续存于。这些动力学于解决时间依靠使命（如零样本事情影象使命）中具备实用性。

▲ Abstract：

Intrinsically generated, brainwide neural activity displays macroscopic coordination among large populations of neurons that persists beyond the biophysical timescales of individual neurons1,2,3. It is not well understood how these macroscopic behaviours arise from microscopic, short-lived interactions between pairs of neurons. Here we show that the eigenvalue spectrum and dynamical properties of large-scale neural recordings in mice are similar to those produced by linear dynamics governed by a random sy妹妹etric matrix that is critically normalized. An exception was population activity in hippocampal area CA1, which resembled an efficient, uncorrelated neural code that may be optimized for information storage capacity. High-dimensional, global activity modes emerged in critically normalized artificial networks and persisted under sparse, clustered or spatial connectivity. These dynamics were useful for solving time-dependent tasks such as a zero-shot working memory task.

A synaptic locus of song learning

鸣唱进修的突触位点

▲ 作者：Drew C. Schreiner, Samuel Brudner, Amanda Li, John Pearson Richard Mooney

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10510-x

▲择要：

模拟进修是语言及音乐表达的基础，但其神经基础尚不明确。年少雄性斑胸草雀经由过程模拟成年导师的多音节鸣唱来进修，这一历程依靠在一个鸣唱特化的皮质-基底节回路，为辨认模拟运动进修的突触底物提供了强盛的研究系统。假定认为，特定一组皮质-基底节突触的可塑性驱动了进修历程中鸣唱的快速变化，随后这些变化于下流回路中患上以巩固。然而，这一假定还没有颠末验证，且进修初始发生的突触位点仍不清晰。

研究者经由过程将量化鸣唱进修的计较框架与皮质-基底节回路内部和下流的突触特异性光遗传学及化学遗传学操作相联合，鉴定了于幼鸟鸣唱进修历程中驱动快速声音变化的获取与表达的特定皮质-基底节突触，并描画了这些变化巩固所连续的数小不时间标准。

此外，短暂加强基底节中突触后勾当可短暂加快进修速度，并长期转变鸣唱，注解基底节勾当与快速进修之间存于直接接洽。这些成果定位了使年少鸣禽学会唱歌的特定皮质-基底节突触，并展现了这一模拟进修范式的回路逻辑及举动时间标准。

▲ Abstract：

Learning by imitation is the foundation for verbal and musical expression, but its neural basis remains unclear. A juvenile male zebra finch imitates the multisyllabic song of an adult tutor in a process that depends on a song-specialized cortico-basal ganglia circuit, affording a powerful system to identify the synaptic substrates of imitative motor learning. Plasticity at a particular set of cortico-basal ganglia synapses is hypothesized to drive rapid learning-related changes in song before these changes are subsequently consolidated in downstream circuits5. Nevertheless, this hypothesis is untested and the synaptic locus where learning initially occurs is unclear. Here, by combining a computational framework to quantify song learning with synapse-specific optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations within and downstream of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit, we identified the specific cortico-basal ganglia synapses that drive the acquisition and expression of rapid vocal changes during juvenile song learning and characterized the hours-long timescale over which these changes consolidate. Furthermore, transiently augmenting postsynaptic activity in the basal ganglia briefly accelerates learning rates and persistently alters song, demonstrating a direct link between basal ganglia activity and rapid learning. These results localize the specific cortico-basal ganglia synapses that enable a juvenile songbird to learn to sing and reveal the circuit logic and behavioural timescales of this imitative learning paradigm.

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